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Digestive System Video

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our bodies are in constant need of nutrients and energy with Kings of living cells the digestive system becomes all important in the survival of living things how many animals on Earth is a major part of daily life that's because food contains the nutrients the body needs for growth repair and replacement also food provides the energy that the body needs to carry out life sustaining activities as well as all the other kinds of activities we enjoy such as warts food has to be prepared or broken down into the substances that the body can use this process of breaking down food is called digestion and is the topic of this video our bodies need six main types of substances proteins carbohydrates fats vitamins minerals and fiber we also need water which provides no nutrients or energy is critical to life in fact we could survive many days without food but only a few days without water why is water so important tell just about every chemical reaction in the body must occur in the presence of water also water carries substances throughout the body in the bloodstream water to keep our bodies at the proper temperature  our bodies require about 2.5 to 4 liters of water a day that's the equivalent of about 12 8 oz glasses of water all food and drinks contain water Foods may contain the materials for growth repair and replacement  protein-rich Foods include meat fish eggs is beans peas and vegetables and Grains also contain protein hydrates potatoes pastas cereals bread rice and some fruits and nuts are all good sources of carbohydrates there are too tight of carbohydrates simple and complex simple carbohydrates are sugars complex carbohydrates are starches carbohydrates are the result of photosynthesis when plants combine carbon oxygen and water fats provide twice as much she has carbohydrates but are used primarily as storage components for future use fats can be divided into two groups dead room temperature are called saturated fats and include animal fats dairy products and solid vegetable shortening unsaturated fat are liquid at room temperature and are oils made from corn sunflower seeds and soy beans  cholesterol is used by the body put in some people it collects on the walls of blood vessels and can block the flow of blood cholesterol is found in saturated fats the amount of fats in diets because of the cholesterol question  vitamins minerals and fiber are substances that are also important to a balance they contain no energy but do play important roles in maintaining a healthy body vitamins are chemicals used for growth repair and other functions fresh fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins vitamins minerals are substances that are also needed for many important body functions like vitamins they are not needed in large amounts as an example calcium is used to build strong bones and teeth Foods as whole-grain bread cereals vegetables and fruits  what foods can be analyzed for how much energy they contain this when does call the calorie scientifically speaking is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 3 Celsius  an instrument called a calorimeter can be used to test the energy potential of foods the calorie that nutritionist refer to when describing the energy supplied by food is actually 1,000 calories of heat energy  some foods are high in calories and some are low for the average teenager to function about 2,000 to 3000 calories of food energy is required on a daily basis and he calories that are not who is does energy will be stored as fat tissue  so people eat various foods to bring into the body the nutrients needed to sustain life when food is eaten it is not in a form that can be used by the body so it is broken down into nutrients through the process of digestion this is how it works there are two forms of digestion mechanical and chemical mechanical digestion is the physical grinding and wearing a food to increase its surface area enzymes which help to chemically break down food into simpler substances react with the food digestion begins in the mouth with teeth tongue and saliva the sharp edge teeth tear and rip the food while the premolars and molars which have flat surfaces the food into smaller pieces that is the mechanical digestion of the mouth and to make it slippery so that it can pass easily through the throat and esophagus this is the chemical digestion of the mouth the tongue the food between the grinding teeth and the mix it with the saliva a bowl of food called the bolus is formed and then swallowed muscles in throat Force the food downward a flap of tissue automatically closes off the trachea or windpipe this is a tube that leads to the lungs it is required to get air into the lungs during respiration but water or food is not wanted down this tube after swallowing the epiglottis back to its normal position and the trachea is once again open for air the food moves into esophagus which is a tube leading to the stomach it takes about 7 seconds for food to move down the esophagus the lining of this tube is coated with spray Lucas  the food is pushed along because of muscular contractions called peristalsis contractions behind the food push it for food doesn't move down through the digestive tract because of gravity alone  astronauts in space can digest food even in weightless conditions where there is any gravity because of the muscular contractions of peristalsis food moves from the esophagus into the stomach which has a capacity 2 - 4 liters the stomach is made up of three layers of muscles that create a grinding motion the churning of the stomach is the will digestion and at the same time gastric juices are released into the stomach to carry on chemical digestion  the mechanical Bastion helps to mix the enzyme pepsin and hydrochloric acid with the food the pepsin and hydrochloric acid help to break down proteins in food into simpler proteins hydrochloric acid in science experiments play can easily burn through clothing how does the stomach protect itself from this acid will a mucus is used to coat the walls of the stomach birther about 3 to 6 hours the food continues to move along through the digestive tract and from the stomach enters the small intestine the food which is now called chyme is in a soft watery form  the small intestine is anything but small it is only about 3 centimeters in diameter but it is or about long all curled up and folded around itself inside a human being the food is pushed Along by peristalsis and will now undergo major chemical digestion two organs that are located near the small intestine the liver and pancreas will provide in test all juices that will Aid in this digestion the liver is located to the right of the stomach one of its important jobs is to produce bile a substance that will help in digestion however bile is not an enzyme but rather a salt solution that breaks down fat into small fat what's then enzymes in the small intestine can work on the fat  when the bile is made it is sent and stored in the gallbladder until it is needed in the small intestine the pancreas is located between the stomach and the small intestine it manufactures a substance called Lone Tree attic juice  this juice contains many enzymes which will act on the time the pancreas also produces sodium bicarbonate which will relies the acidity of the chyme as it comes from the stomach into the small intestine he takes anywhere from three to five hours Valen tested the proteins are broken down into amino acids carbohydrates are broken down into simpler sugars fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol these nutrients are ready to be sent to the living cells of the body to do that the nutrients must be absorbed into the blood vessels of the circulatory system the circulatory system with its network of blood vessels reaching resale of the body will be the transport system  the walls of the small intestine are not smooth but are actually covered with Millions small finger-like structures called Villi the Villi contain small blood vessels that absorb the nutrients these billions of villi increase the surface area of the small intestine 600 * that translates to an area the size of a tennis court nutrients into the circulatory system as the food continues on from the small intestine it is now made up of undigested food and water before entering the large intestine the adjusted food passes by a finger like organ called the appendix the function of this organ is not but scientists believe it has something to do with helping the body fight bacteria and viruses  the undigested food moves into the large which is shaped like a horseshoe and fits around the small intestine the large intestine is wider than the small intestine with a diameter of about 6 5 Centimeters however it is only 1.5 M long over the next 18 to 24 hours change inside the undigested food is absorbed also helpful bacteria living in the large intestine make vitamin K and B for use by the finally materials that are not absorbed are formed into Solid Waste this includes such things as dead bacteria fat and protein this waste will move into a small tube called the rectum for storage that it is eliminated from the body through the anus and opening the end of the rectum so as we have seen the digestive system working in cooperation with the circulatory system provide is the trillions of living cells in our bodies with the needed energy for continued survival to maintain a healthy body consider a balanced diet nexercise weight control is a major consideration remember that the energy potential of food is measured in calories you want to find a wants between the number of daily calories required by your body and the number of calories of food taken into the body calories that aren't used by the body stored as fat usually in a layer of tissue Under the Skin So a person can maintain a desired weight if they only take in the number of calories their body is up  if a person is overweight they can lose weight through a regulated diet and exercise if a person uses more energy than they take in the body will break down stored fat to gain the energy that is needed who does more than just Supply the necessary energy needed by the body it also supplies the materials needed for growth repair and maintenance it's important to take in foods that contain the necessary nutrients a balanced diet that supplies carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals fiber and water is necessary for a healthy the United States Department of Agriculture has issued a chart called the food pyramid to help people make good choices when it comes to diet go to set the foundation or base of the pyramid is the group that includes bread cereal rice and pasta carvings from this group daily notice that at the top of the pyramid is a group that should be used sparingly the oils fats and sweets when people need a balanced diet based on the suggestions provided by the food pyramid they will be getting all the vitamins and nutrients they need for healthy body video quiz students May write the answers to the following questions on a separate piece of paper we're on the duplicating Master entitled video quiz question 1 what is digestion 2 what are the six main types of substances needed by the body for growth repair maintenance and energy question 3 our bodies need the equivalent of how many 8 oz glasses of water per day a 5D 10 C 1220 Western for what is a calorie question 5 how many calories per day does the average teenager require 2000 - 3000 B3000 to 4000 c4002 5000d 500 - 1000 question 6 what is an example of tourniquet jestion inside the mouth question 7 food moves through the digestive tract because of muscular contractions called a enzymes be saliva C bolus D peristalsis Weston 8 the name of the tube leading into the stomach is a trachea esophagus epiglottis question 9 how are the Villi of the small intestine Morton to the digestive system question 10 why is a balanced diet important to maintaining a healthy body

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